Writing and gender, Iowa City Public Library, October 5, 2005 |
Previous | 1 of 2 | Next |
|
|
small (250x250 max)
medium (500x500 max)
large ( > 500x500)
Full Resolution
|
This page
All
Subset |
-
Writing and gender, Iowa City Public Library, October 5, 2005
File Format:
Link to Web File
There is no text for this item.
Object Description
| Rating | |
| Title | Writing and gender, Iowa City Public Library, October 5, 2005 |
| Creator |
Rogozhnikova, Anna Shukriu, Edi Mañju Kān̐culī |
| Creator - Nationality |
Kazakh Kosovar Nepalese |
| Contributor | Merrill, Christopher |
| Date Original | 2005-10-05 |
| Description | To Anna Rogozhnikova, female literature can be singled out, separated and understood as a continuation of the women writers themselves. Considering male domination a universal issue, Edi Shukriu divides her talk into four parts: gender experience in Kosova and Albanian writing and reading; gender division--biology and brain; searching for the sources of gender division; and values/gender. Manju Kanchuli's talk attempts to answer the question, "Does gender matter when one writes?" |
| Venue | Iowa City Public Library |
| Geographic Subject | United States -- Iowa -- Iowa City |
| Chronological Subject | 2000-2010 |
| Transcription | IWP Panel: “Books, Men and Women” Iowa City Public Library October 5, 2005 International Writing Program http://www.uiowa.edu/~iwp Anna Rogozhnikova (Kazakhstan) I’ve never been faced with the problem of gender, even in the embryonic period of my existence. When my mum learned that she was pregnant, she thought: “Well, here she is.” At least, she says so. And I don’t have any apparent reason not to trust her. It’s a common truth: everything mum says is right. So, without doubts, I’m a woman—with all the ensuing consequences. And I am very grateful to my karyotype for both of my X’s. Thanks to God for activating the right hemisphere of my brain, not the left one. Thanks to Chinese religion, according to which I’m yin and my colour is elegant black. And thanks to society for taking me not just as a human being, but as a woman. Thanks to everyone. Now let’s pass on to literature. To classify literature is a fascinating and gratifying thing. People love to love something for something, and classifications generously give them such opportunity. Some of us love the Japanese literature of the Heian era for its contemplativeness. Others persistently admire the complexity of the literature of stream-of-consciousness, or respect the classics for their monumentality. I even know a guy who has chosen socialist realism as his favorite reading matter— for its exoticism! But I’ve never met anybody who would confess to loving female literature. Female literature seems to be an even greater oxymoron than female boxing. Everyone denies its right of existence. Female writers say they don’t want to be united on the basis of their sexual characteristics (it seems to me, that actually, they all as women prefer to be surrounded by men, even in poetic anthologies). And prudent critics assure us, that there is no female or male literature, there is only bad or good literature. I think that in this case political correctness is not required at all. It’s a bit difficult to divide literature into bad and good—even God doesn’t dare to mark us with pluses and minuses—though it is impossible to divide literature into male and female also. Male literature is a tautology, like the American Internet or English postage stamps. But I believe that female literature can be singled out. It is not the number of books written by women (that slighting division made on a sexual basis). Karlsson-on-the-Roof by Astrid Lindgren, for instance, is hardly a female text. Texts about women are not female literature either. Otherwise 90% of world literature would be female. I don’t think everyone would accept those statistics. And of course, female literature is not books for women. Men read a lot; they read even knitting manuals and Cosmopolitan (once I saw a sentimental pile of women’s magazines in the very masculine bathroom of my very masculine male friend). Female literature is a special way of investigating life. Hedonistically-inclined ladies not burdened by feministic views look at the world in a languorous way. We look around absent-mindedly and unhurriedly until we notice our reflection and—here we go. Creative comprehension of the world begins. We study the world, chasing that reflection of ours. The most talented and keen of us sometimes go so far away that they can touch the Lord’s beard or—if they’ve chosen another direction—catch the devil’s tail. We don’t make abstractions, we don’t analyze life impartially as men do. We act very subjectively. Our prime interest is everything that quotes us. Therefore, in our own texts, we first of all quote ourselves. All the love stories we write about—each of them could happen to us. Compliments given by our heroes to their beloveds are our hidden compliments to ourselves. Every death, every sigh, every shame, every mistake, every insight—all these could be ours. Our texts are our quite-possible worlds. We feel in literature as if we are in a fitting room. We create the lives which we could live ourselves with great pleasure (sometimes with masochistic pleasure). But often the price happens to be too high, and we only admire ourselves in the looking-glass, then return the clothes and continue to live within our means. Narcissism and self-reflection—female literature is extremely egocentric. We perceive reality as a continuation of ourselves, as scenery for our performance. We do not write about the man, we write about our love for him. Even if we write about the man whom we are not in love with and will never be, we do it to show how impartial and objective we are sometimes. Briefly, although the man plays the leading role in our show, he is not more than a visual aid for the demonstration of all the amplitude of women’s feelings. Look. I can 1 IWP Panel: “Books, Men and Women” Iowa City Public Library October 5, 2005 International Writing Program http://www.uiowa.edu/~iwp forgive anything, I can understand anything, I can understand nothing and never forgive you—I can do everything. I even can turn myself inside out, and all this so-called wonderful world will roll up in my belly. More precisely—in the text. We’ll never cease to sublimate our maternal instinct in literature. I’ve recently read that a Russian writer, Elena Guro, admitted once: “Sometimes it seems to me: I am a mother to everything.” Sometimes it seems the same to me too. And also sometimes it seems to me that I’m everyone’s wife. Or forty thousand brothers’ sister. Not at the same time, of course—my poor heart is not able to hold so much. It means just that anybody has a chance to take part in my performance. Absolutely everyone. Certainly, while I write. In conclusion I’d like to give some more thanks. To men. I consider them to be martyrs. Devotees who kindly took the responsibility for the world’s destiny. Someone should have done it. So this is the man's world, and it’s easier for women to live here. And to write. Men always must be responsible for their words. We don’t have to be. The female nature allows us to change our mind at any moment we need. And who will dare to reproach us? If I was a man, and somebody asked me what I had written all my rubbish for, I would go silently to shoot myself, not knowing how to answer this eternal question. But being a female writer I could say: “Well, you know, the sky was too grey, the wind—too southeast, I broke a heel and become disillusioned with the idea of endless love that very day. It was absolutely impossible to write anything worthy, as you can see.” And they would be sure to understand me. 2 International Writing Program http://www.uiowa.edu/~iwp Edi Shukriu (Kosova) Books, Men and Women: Writing and Gender “Books, Men and Women”—what does it mean? I asked myself this question when I started to participate in the International Writing Program. Then I noticed myself thinking about it, even though I never thought about it before—or, I didn��t want to think about it. Maybe this was because I strongly rejected anything that divided art by gender. Or because I didn’t want to see myself as weak in relation to a male-dominated society. Maybe the aim of the IWP organizers was to make us to think about different perspectives, to look at ourselves in the mirror. Thinking about this, I realized that a great part of my writing is about gender. Hence, not only have I, in fact, been thinking about gender, but this question has always formed one of the core issues of my work. I think I am the first Kosovar Albanian to employ the word womb, which not surprisingly has always been avoided. It was in this way that I began to talk about the issue of gender, because I presume that we must start from the experience of our own societies in order to better understand how gender is positioned within the world mosaic. Therefore, my paper will deal with how gender is experienced in my country, Kosova, and in my Albanian nation. I will continue with some reflections on biology and brain gender division, and on the roots of the problem, and finish with my view on gender and values. 1. Gender experience in Kosova and Albanian writing and reading I come from a country dominated by a more or less patriarchal mindset, as is all of Southern-Eastern Europe. Reading and frequent travels have eased my soul by showing me that male domination is a universal issue. One example of this is the fact that all of the Special Representatives of the UN in Kosova have been men! This applies to other levels of the UN mission, as well. It is likely that the UN has forgotten its mission to promote and implement women’s empowerment, as stated in the UN document Platform for Action, enacted as the result of the Beijing Women’s Conference. I think that Kosova could become a model of gender equality par excellence, given its UN governance and the existing resources and readiness of Kosovar women to achieve this goal. For better or worse, it was Kosova’s destiny to become known to the world through the genocide it experienced at the hands of the Serbian regime, and through the NATO intervention that helped stop this genocide. Few people know that Kosova is only one piece of the ethnic Albanian territories. Albanian, the language derived from Illyrian, is spoken in these territories, and it is one of the most ancient languages in Europe. Today it is not necessary to show where Kosova is on the map, but often I must point out that the people shown on world TV as having been expelled from their ethnic land are the same people who tried to establish a new philosophy in the Balkans—nonviolent response to institutional violence. This was a different way of thinking, and also of writing. We—mostly writers— founded a nonviolence movement with no gender inequality. Women took part in armed 3 International Writing Program http://www.uiowa.edu/~iwp resistance also, just as they did over the course of many decades to obtain freedom from the Turks as well as from the Serbs. After the war, the year 1999 brought a new reality: male leadership of the UN and Kosova’s government. Oh yes, 30% of Kosova’s Parliamentarians are women, but this is a farce because they have no real power. Kosova does not need a grotesque theater. In this desperate time Kosova needs effective leadership. How does this relate to books and gender? No doubt, how writing and reading are perceived is determined by the environment in which they are conducted. As writers all Albanians (not only Albanians from Kosova) are fortunate not to need to look beyond ourselves for material—there is more than we need. Life has pushed us to survive, to analyze, and to write. Kosova was only recently “discovered” by the Western world, even though our Albanian ancestors, the Illyrians, were the founders of what is today known as Western culture. The later contribution of Albanians was not small—it extended from Europe to India. Not many know that the first woman in the world to hold a Ph.D. degree was Albanian—Elena Lukrecia Pescopia, who graduated in the seventeenth century from the University of Padua. Isn’t that a remarkable model of female empowerment? However, the creative work of Albanian Kosovar women and Albanian writers as a whole still is not well known. Writing and reading from the perspective of gender, no doubt, reflects the structure of society. Therefore the destiny of the book in our society is the destiny of woman. Both of them share the destiny of a people struggling for freedom, both in the past and in the recent transitional period. Someone would say that there is always movement. I agree, but when movement is forceful and fast it looks like Hurricane Katrina—it devastates. The sea gets troubled and brings dirty things—malevolent forces dominate the stage, and the prolongation of this transition will lead to the total distortion of the value system. As a consequence, the intellectuals are left to the mercy of time. In this respect, women writers suffer the most. All of them work to secure the means of survival. This applies to all readers as well, and to women readers in particular. This grave situation is the result of the pre-war and war periods, the devastated economy and the undefined final status of Kosova which prevents foreign investment. Writers, who were the initial, founding energy, now are in the twilight zone. In this regard the guilt is parentless. The governments where Albanians live do not invest much or do not invest at all, and our private businesses are taking their first steps. Others outside of Kosova and the Albanian ethnic territories have just begun to discover us. Book editing is a unique problem in a society with an undeveloped economy and small, mismanaged budget: bread and circuses are well-funded, books are funded very little or not at all. In most of the cases the money for editing goes to the people linked to those in power by cronyism and nepotism. Reading is in decline, for both genders, because it is linked to an economic situation that makes it hard for people to buy books. In spite of this fact, every day there are more women engaged in creative activity. It is a way of struggling to secure their place in society. 4 International Writing Program http://www.uiowa.edu/~iwp 2. Gender division—biology and brain It is very complex to answer the question of what divides man and woman. Is it the physical force of man and learned sneakiness of woman that divides them? Or, is it that men think about global issues and women think about the small issues that make up daily life? This question, I believe, is reflected in the process of writing and reading in today’s societies, as well as in the past. I heard a few days ago that some Native Americans have more than fifty expressions for gender that describe the percentage of male or female characteristics in an individual. Similarly, S. Baron-Cohen, based on his clinical practice, describes clusters of two sorts of brains: male and female, and concludes that not all men have the typically “male” brain or all women a typically “female” brain. And of course, the clustering of brains by gender in biological terms does not necessarily mean that those divisions apply to intelligence and talent. In an interview a long time ago I declared that the brain has no gender. I think we are somehow inter-sex persons. Androgyny appears in Greek mythology, and perhaps it was recognized by the Pellasgians before them. Today we see the domination of paternalism in many parts of the world and its negative effects, including those related to books, where again women are affected. 3. Searching for the sources of gender division Someone might say that women are paying for Eve’s guilt, but if there is a price to be paid, it is being paid by both genders. It is a matter of power, and power is not given up willingly. This “male power” is not given by the gods and it is not natural. Cultural anthropologists have found that the first gods were women and that they dominated for thousands of years. The power seized by male deities was only a reflection of the seizing of power by men on the earth. We name this period Patriarchal, and it has lasted for fewer than four thousand years. The fact of male domination is inherent in the structure of the great religious systems. Paul, in his letter to the Ephesians, said: Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands…; the daily prayer of a Hebrew male begins with: Blessed Art Thou O Lord our God…who has not made me a woman; Mohamed said: When Eve was created, Satan rejoiced. As a child I didn’t want to be anyone’s rib. Later I asked: If Adam was so smart, why didn’t he prevent Eve’s mistake?! The tale of Eve reminds me of the tale of Prometheus. Prometheus was punished because he stole knowledge from God and gave it to human beings. Eve wanted only to feel nature, to be nature. 4. Values / Gender I am happy to be a woman in these times. The other women who paved the way for us faced immense challenges. Nevertheless, I would be even happier if I could live in the future when people, I believe, will be grouped by their values regardless of gender. Until that time comes, 5 International Writing Program http://www.uiowa.edu/~iwp we must continue to struggle for our place in this world, this world to which we give painful birth and rebirth. And that it is not all. Life in general and literature in particular deserve to be enriched with the thoughts, feelings and reflections of the other half of this globe. Let me end with a poem: After Eve’s apple fire was stolen and God is the same again. How do you put apple and fire together to feel Paradise. 6 IWP Panel: “Books, Men and Women” Iowa City Public Library October 5, 2005 International Writing Program http://www.uiowa.edu/~iwp Manju Kanchuli (Nepal) Does Gender Matter When One Writes? When I was a teenager, I used to talk more about humanity than gender. I preferred not to see men and women in two different polarities and not to see differences between them. Then I became an adult and grew up enough to see those differences. I had to face the tremendous difficulties of life, and struggle a lot for everything. It was not because of men, it was because of traditional bias, patriarchal social design, impracticable worn-out laws, and the very low implementation level of the so-called reformed laws for women in Nepal. A medical doctor, whose husband also is a doctor, once said to me, “we women have to work three times as much to count our work as equal to that of men.” Women, whether they are doctors, engineers, professors, writers, philosophers, social workers, etc…, are given less credit and their devotions and contributions are less accepted by family, society, and country because they are women. Their loyalty and accountability are pushed aside and moustaches (gray or black, or brown or white) go ahead. The voyage of men is pre-designed, preferred, more accepted, and made of velvet and not of thorns and rocks. For women, there are two options: either to accept and follow the traditional path or make a new one. Our mothers and foremothers tolerated a lot and sacrificed for the sake of race, religion, ethics, morality…and above all followed the harsh inhuman rules—they surrendered. When I became conscious of the conditions and sufferings of my foremothers and predecessors, I felt that traditional path was a hard one to follow. Yet it was difficult to find a new path, and at the same time I realized with big eyes gender matters when we write. I joined my hands with the hands of other women to fight for the cause of women's rights. At present we have many social and political activists in various fields in Nepal who always raise their voices for the sake of women's rights. Writers may go or may not go to the street for demonstrations with placards in their hands, or black strips over their mouths or wrists, or sit in the street for hunger strikes, but I think they must write and add their voices, if not for the whole of their lifetime at least for some fraction of it. I believe if there is a voice by the women, for the women, to the women in all the fields/areas, including literature, there will be a genuine democracy. Otherwise democracy will play the role of a puppet show, dummy, or scarecrow, and cannot work as the free voice of creation or creativity for all. Democracy is the voice of and for self-reliance and identity. Are you conscious of the moustaches when you visit parliament, government offices, business offices, academic areas, technical workshops, and conferences/symposia? I become conscious of it often. I would like to thank the IWP organizers for the number of female participants in the program. If something or anything happens to women, it is not only because of women, it is because of men as well. It is a matter of great misfortune for us that the social structure, the law, and the economic policy and the politics of the country have not been able to treat men and women equally. Of course the sweet words of the authorities are not playing the role of 7 IWP Panel: “Books, Men and Women” Iowa City Public Library October 5, 2005 International Writing Program http://www.uiowa.edu/~iwp actions in Nepal. There is always a man behind a woman in her every success and failure. But women's own activities have no less importance. If anybody asks me “What is feminism in literature?” I would like to reply as such: “It is to raise the voice, and act as well, against any such elements or systems that hinder the freedom of women, women's human rights, and women's identity.” We need such spirit in literature, along with bravery and courage. We can build the movement through literature, music, art, and politics. But I think literature should not lose its value as art and craft at this moment. So I loved the writings of Virginia Woolf, Jane Austen, George Eliot, Charlotte Brontë, and Emily Brontë when I was young. I appreciate people who are widely read. We have heard about Toni Morrison and Eudora Welty. There are other women leaders who have emerged elsewhere in the world and adopted party and politics, perhaps to fight against all kinds of atrocities on earth in the last half of the twentieth century. Among them, some governed their countries in Southeast Asia. In Nepal, women faced the struggle against discrimination in aggressive, stoic, and proactive ways. In my case, I and my sister, as we are both writers, write for the rights of women and have been taking part in the series of movements in Nepal. Our book, Two Sisters, can be seen as a symbol for the movement, and it caused a blast of excitement among intellectuals. I think women in the world have been searching for “a room of one's own” for centuries. We cannot be proud of the lack of participation of women in professional fields, the shortage of facilities and activities designed for them, their individual economic status, and the authorities' treatment towards them. In such a situation, how can I be silent about gender issues in my writing? Other women writers may be conscious of it or not, but some part of their writing speaks about gender issues. It is so because they are a part of it. Although in many aspects I don't find differences between me as a woman and some of my male friends as men as human beings, I do find much difference between us in the nature of our struggles, our ways of dealing with joys and sufferings, and of course our biology. Automatically, it comes out in our writing, the only thing is whether we should give importance to it or not. The question “Does gender matter when one writers?” has much to do with art and its utilization. The use of art to advance the female half of humanity is as important as the preservation and proliferation of art for the sake of art. A writer is free to make any topic an issue or not to make any issue at all. Writers are free to express their feelings in different ways, to choose different themes and use different styles. They create meaning based on their own individual values. No one forces them to do this or that against their own will. Writers are at liberty to conceptualize, compose, and communicate. Art is connected to the routines of day to day human life. What is the harm if gender matters when one writes? But the writing has to maintain its connection to art—I don't like gratuitous pornographic descriptions and pure propaganda in my literature. In this twenty-first century, we are living very close to each other on earth because of the advancement of science and technology. Literature can play a very important role by bringing awareness to all kinds of men and women on various issues. Many times I have spoken the cries and agonies of women in my literature, to make concerned people listen to them, on the issues of human trafficking, domestic violence, rape, etc… Even if I don't plan to do it, it oozes out automatically. It's because of empathy or sympathy: I am a part of every success and failure, ecstasy and depression, joy and suffering of all the women in the world. The spirit of writing on the gender issues of women is increasing in Southeast Asia. It may 8 IWP Panel: “Books, Men and Women” Iowa City Public Library October 5, 2005 International Writing Program http://www.uiowa.edu/~iwp be because of consciousness, women's networking, advocacy, and mass media. I am pleased with the voice of women for the sake of women expressed in their writings as well. People use literature to appeal to, revolt against, or counsel other people. They revolt in literature in two different ways, i.e. either with a creative motive or a destructive one. There is always the notion of good and bad, right and wrong, black and white. It depends on the individual and cultural differences. Women are the symbol of creativity. I want to see myself and other writers busy ourselves in creating a new horizon of peace and co-existence in which we don't suffocate ourselves and others. There are many obstacles that writers must overcome to reach the readers. Poverty, ignorance, lack of education, proper employment opportunities, dependence, etc… have heavily laid their effects on the women of the Third World. Literacy is low and for many people it is difficult to be able to afford to buy books. People are more interested in other things, such as mass media and sports. The distribution system also needs to be developed further. In this condition, how can the literary work bring about social change? A writer who has talent in reaching the readers and dealing with the issues can bring changes in the conceptual level and the activities of women specifically and people in general, according to his or her aspiration. I must be optimistic about it. Using our writing, we can bring changes to the social construct and its culture-bound conventions, roles, and behavior for and among women and men and boys and girls. For a long time, our writings have reflected an individual’s male and female status and issues related to that status. In a male-dominated society like ours, women are always treated as second-class citizens of the country. It’s a very serious issue in our writing. I am not so much concerned about the biological differences between men and women. I am much more concerned about gender as a socially acquired characteristic, which includes psychological, social, and cultural characteristics, such as ideas about masculinity and femininity. I don’t want to believe the ideas about gender that are culturally and socially determined, because they always want to minimize us as women and place us on the periphery. I wonder if the pen has greater power than the sword. One type of gender among other types, distinguished by linguistics, is grammatical gender. We have been using the pronouns “he” and “she.” I wonder if there can be a single pronoun to signify both man and woman. We, the writers, can bring change in the use of grammar and invent new pronouns that do not create so much difference between men and women. Gender usually refers to socially/culturally constructed characteristics, which are then attributed to the different biological sexes; gender is femininity and masculinity. “Who needs what?” has been decided by a few people, not by all and not by all women in general. We cannot discard the biological differences between the two different sexes, but we can bring changes to social and cultural constructs through our writing, instantly or after many years. It depends on how the people/readers perceive and react and whether or not they see a particular change as being beneficial. I am reminded of a story I wrote a year ago. In that story the main character (a female) is an expert in martial arts. She is involved with an extraordinary man who instead of being her lover, turns out to be a broker trafficking women. She is able to use her skills to save herself from being exploited. 9 IWP Panel: “Books, Men and Women” Iowa City Public Library October 5, 2005 International Writing Program http://www.uiowa.edu/~iwp I agree that certain products are classified as being male- or female-oriented, except within sub-categories where gender is apparent, e.g. men’s fragrances. I have made use of fragrance in my recently written (on the way back to Iowa City from Wisconsin this weekend) story. I wonder how fragrances can play a role in determining what we see as masculine and what we see as feminine. A wife may accept or reject her husband because of his habit of smoking, smoking can stand-in for masculinity, and its smell can be interpreted according to Pavlov’s theory of association. So many things come together with gender issues. Knowingly or unknowingly, I prefer to devote one-third of my writing to gender issues. It’s very natural and spontaneous for me because I am a woman who is victimized by the law, discrimination, and violence. I want to generalize my feelings and my ideas to other women. I want to share my experiences. I can make people aware of the present situation of women in countries in the Third World, like Nepal. In literature, I can advocate through the medium of convincing words. I will be so happy if my writing helps women/girls get out of their difficult circumstances. I can do many things through literature and I enjoy it because literature is my life and literature is my world. The gender issues I usually deal with in my writing are: victims of various kinds of violence, human trafficking, with a focus on the trafficking of girls/women, and among women, the need for leadership, awareness, and so on. In my country, there is discrimination everywhere, and it has persisted for a long time. The social conditions that make a woman different from a man in the same society and country are: persisting laws such as o the lack of equal parental rights, o the lack of provision for the citizenship rights of the children by the signature of their mother, o and the lack of tenant rights so that women can sell or transfer their property; the concept of social acceptance; the lack of women’s access to education; and the lack of employment opportunities for women and wage discrimination. There are a lot of gender issue-related topics that can be dealt with in stories, novels, and poems. I have dealt with only a few in my writing and much still has to be done. I think we can do much better if we collaborate. 10 IWP Panel: “Books, Men and Women” Iowa City Public Library October 5, 2005 International Writing Program http://www.uiowa.edu/~iwp Now I want to talk about how I deal with gender issues in my writing. When I see the various difficult circumstances and conditions of women/girls in the family, community, society, and country at large, I want to combat those circumstances for the sake of the women, individually by writing literature, and through organizations by creating objectives and obtaining feedback, etc, etc…, and also by running various awareness activities for the victimized and innocent women of my country. Regarding style, I like humor and satire nowadays more than before. I also like simple expressions that have meanings and implications, but which are not too obscure. I bring gender issues into my writing by observing situations in which women feel motivated, by getting inspiration from my own writing in one genre and transferring those ideas to another genre, and by listening to the news and reading papers, magazines, and books, as well as by collecting my own individual experience of being a woman. It has always been a great struggle to be a woman and an even greater struggle to be a woman writer at every step from writing to publishing. Many women writers who shoulder double or triple responsibilities have been continuously writing in the Third World, and perhaps globally as well. Mostly women are as sincere in their writing as they are in their attitude. A woman writer never likes to write in a male-directed voice. Great voices dealing with gender issues have yet to be written by women and for women which will enhance democracy and bring about a new structure in every aspect of human life. 11 |
| Type (DCMIType) | Moving image |
| Language | English |
| Digital Collection | Virtual Writing University Archive |
| Contributing Institution | Iowa City Public Library |
| Subcollection | International Writing Program Collection |
| Rights Management | Educational use only, no other rights given. U.S. and international copyright laws may protect this digital object. Commercial use or distribution of the object is not permitted without prior permission of the copyright holder. |
| Contact Information | Contact the VWU Webmaster: http://www.writinguniversity.org/index.php/main/info/25/ |
Description
| Title | Writing and gender, Iowa City Public Library, October 5, 2005 |
| Type (DCMIType) |
Moving image |
| Type (IMT) |
mp4 |
| Duration | 01:28:05 |
| Language |
English |
| Digitization Specifications | Received as MPEG2 and converted to mp4 for streaming. |
| Date Digital | 2005-10-05 |
| File Name | iwp-icpl_10-5-05.mp4 |
| Original File Name | iwp_10-5-05.mpg |
Tags
Add tags for Writing and gender, Iowa City Public Library, October 5, 2005
Comments
Post a Comment for Writing and gender, Iowa City Public Library, October 5, 2005
