Legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King at the University of Iowa, April 5, 1968

Crowd: ♪ (singing, We Shall Overcome) We shall overcome, My Lord. We shall overcome, My Lord. We shall overcome someday. Oh deep in my heart... Martin Luther K...: I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up, live out the true meaning of its creed. We hold these truths to be self evident that all men are created equal. Crowd: ♪ (singing) We shall live in peace, My Lord. We shall live in peace, My Lord. ♪♪ Speaker 3: In this program, members of the University community, and townspeople of Iowa City will express their thoughts on the legacy to all of us comprised in the work, and the ideals of the late Dr. Martin Luther King. They will tell us of a plan to further these ideals, a plan which needs our help and our support. Participants include Howard R. Bowen, President of the University of Iowa, Mrs. James Murray of Iowa City, Executive Secretary of the Martin Luther King Scholarship Fund, Phillip Hubbard, Dean of Academic Affairs, John Huntley, Professor of English and member of the Executive Board of the Scholarship Fund, David Grant, Fred Woodard, and Dwight Cody, all of whom are members of the Afro-American Student Association. Kenneth Wessel's President of the Hawkeye Student Party, John Schmidhauser a member of the 89th Congress and Professor of Political Science at the University, and Lauren Hickerson, Director of Community Relations at the University and Mayor of Iowa City. Speaker 3: Music will be provided by the Silver Light Gospel Singers of Iowa City. Members of the group are Laurence Baker, Edward Brown, Henry Dawson, Wesley Foster, and Fred Martin, director. Here is Howard R. Bowen, President of the University of Iowa. Howard R. Bowen: At the time of Martin Luther King's funeral, a convocation was held on the steps of old Capitol at the University of Iowa. At that convocation I stated, "It is up to us today in the spirit of Martin Luther King, to look into our own consciences and ask, what can we do? We, who are students and staff members of this University and citizens of Iowa City and of the state of Iowa? What can we do to help Dr. King's dream come true? We cannot by ourselves solve the national problem of equality among men, but with a great University at our disposal, we can and must help." Howard R. Bowen: I also asked that join together students, staff, and Iowa Citiens to welcome more students of Negro and other minority backgrounds to study at the University of Iowa. The University has been working on this objective for several years, and we know that it is not easy to achieve. There are problems in locating qualified students. There are problems relating to the nature of our community, which in spite of good intentions is not always hospitable to minority groups. There is need in some cases for special programs and tutoring. And most of all, the costs for financial aid is very heavy. Howard R. Bowen: But these are difficulties to be overcome, not reasons for inaction. I expect to authorize the Dean of admissions and records to increase his staff for the express purpose of identifying and counseling qualified Negro and other minority students, and helping to open the door of opportunity for them at this University. But when these students arrive, they will need substantial financial aid. And the University funds in this area are very limited and here is where we can all help. Howard R. Bowen: I suggested we established the Martin Luther King Scholarship Fund and that we, students, faculty, staff, townspeople, and friends of the University contribute to this fund. I am thinking of a fund of perhaps 50,000 a year. This in combination with modest loans would provide opportunities for perhaps 35 to 50 additional students of minority background. These students would be known as Martin Luther King scholars. Their scholarships would perpetuate on this campus, the name and the ideals of the man we honor today. Howard R. Bowen: Since that convocation an active steering committee has been farmed with Mrs. James Murray as Executive Secretary. This committee consists of Iowa townspeople and University students and faculty. Nearly half the goal of 50,000 has already been raised. The counselor that I recommended is being employed and many other steps are being taken to welcome more Afro-American students to the University and to serve them once they are here. The campaign to raise the remainder of the $50,000 scholarship fund is to begin Monday. I ask every student, faculty member, and employee of the University, and every citizen of Iowa City to join and establishing the Martin Luther King Scholarship Fund by giving generously. Speaker 3: That was Howard R. Bowen President of the University of Iowa. Our program continues with an interview conducted by Larry Barrett. Larry Barret: In the aftermath of the assassination of Martin Luther King, a number of efforts are going forward on college campuses all over the United States to memorialize Martin Luther King here on the campus of the University of Iowa. The form of that Memorial is to be a scholarship fund and here to tell us about it is Mrs. James Murray. Mrs. James Murr...: We would like very much to be able to react in some appropriate way to try to do our part, to say we don't want to think in terms of the past of indignities of oppression. We'd like to start free and do a positive thing to really rebuild the future and offer some hope. Larry Barret: And this is taking the form of primarily of scholarship aid then. Mrs. James Murr...: This branch of it is a scholarship aid. It's part of a larger program, of course, but right now we are starting a drive for funds for these 35 to 50 scholarships. And the plans are changing by the minute and increasing, and I'm sure the responses will be gratifying. Larry Barret: Well it's responses where after of course. Coming at a time as it does when people all over are being called upon to contribute to a variety of enterprises. Nevertheless, this one, it seems to me, should be of the highest priority. And perhaps the novelty in this is that you're appealing first off to the students themselves, is that right? Mrs. James Murr...: That's correct. We had to do something to reach the students before they all faced the rigors of final week, which is upon us immediately. Larry Barret: Yes, I realize that. Mrs. James Murr...: So the 20th on Monday will be the day for a student-wide canvas here on the Iowa campus. We're not limiting this to students alone. The faculty has given with a marvelous response on that weekend of the funeral. We shall ask those who have not had a chance to give if they would care to participate. And then we'll go to Iowa City and canvas our town and then move out into the state to the communities that do have a higher percentage of racial minorities. This is a plan that we hope to finish up within three months. Larry Barret: Yes. Well, let's get to the immediate matter. How are students to be contacted? What should they do to facilitate the contact if anything? Mrs. James Murr...: Well, I think there are some sign-up sheets for workers which are tremendously needed around campus. If one would care to volunteer, one can always get touch with me at the Iowa Foundation at the Memorial Union, in the Scholarship Office. We hope to present a pledge card that will allow students to charge on their University accounts, a pledge, or to contact them and ask them for a dollar. A dollar a student, what sounds like so very little would put us over our goal of $25,000. Larry Barret: Just one dollar for the whole academic year? Mrs. James Murr...: One dollar per student would put us over the goal. We're not going to have $50,000 immediately for this year, but neither are we going to have 50 students immediately for this year. Larry Barret: No. That's true. Mrs. James Murr...: So then we must talk in terms of hard figures. We must realize that this is a flexible thing that will grow in a crew while hopefully students are being approached in the high school and given that little bit of encouragement that it might take them. Larry Barret: Well, let's turn to that aspect of program because while we'll return to in summation to the need to our money, we ought to give some idea of how the recipients of the scholarship aid are to be discovered. Mrs. James Murr...: Iowa hopes to have a new employee soon. I believe he will be Black. He is being interviewed. I don't know whether there's been a definite appointment or not, but this is a man qualified, both as an admissions office worker and as a counselor. We hope that he will be able to assist us. As far as the statewide program goes, Max Hawkins, who is the alumni advisor is trying to set up councils of four alums and four students from Iowa, in the various towns, that will be approached. They hope to get solicitations, to create Waterloo, Des Moines, Cedar Rapids scholarships, Davenport scholarships, and to seek out with the assistance of Negro graduates, people who would be qualified and invite them to the University. Larry Barret: It is, I gathered from some of the literature I've seen, presumed that for some reason, such qualified Negro students as there are in Iowa have been shunning the University, at least not have been going to the orientation programs, for example, that have been conducted around the state. I saw some reference to Waterloo in one bit of literature. And I wonder if they have any knowledge as to why this is true. Mrs. James Murr...: I don't really know too much about that myself. I know the very, very qualified Black student today has an opportunity to go to Harvard and Yale and Princeton and some of the most desirable places. I know that, of course, the smaller schools are taking quite a few. Iowa isn't in jeopardy as far as a lack of Black students, but I think we want to do as much as we can to encourage potential leaders in some of our own communities to come here and benefit from what we can give them. Larry Barret: Is there some thought that if the student who needs this aid is marginal in his qualifying exams that he might receive tutorial assistance? Mrs. James Murr...: I think Iowa has always stood for excellence. And I think we shall not take people who are not up to the standards, however I'm sure some sort of coaching or tutoring would be available to people who find themselves in trouble. There are many programs going on in a more or less parallel vein. There is OEO money, oOffice of Economic Opportunity, for tutorial programs for those who are in specialized fields. I know there's some negotiation going on in some of the medical fields, nursing fields, engineering fields, this sort of thing. Now this would help a student who does need remedial work. And if he is almost guaranteed of a scholarship, then funds have to be carefully handled. Then he can get tutorial funds. Larry Barret: I've been reading of efforts along these lines on other campuses. And in several instances, reference has been made to the Afro-American student organization on campus. They're having taken a very active part in the recruitment of young Black students in ghetto areas, indeed going into the ghetto themselves to discover who these people are, then talking to them and encouraging them to come to school. Will this kind of aid being listed by our scholarship fund? Mrs. James Murr...: Well, William Burnett is now a President of the Afro-American Student Association. And the other day I met the new president and one of their able assistance, of course, they've been a great help in stimulating some sort of activity and commitment on campus. This is such a busy time and the competition for people's money, and time, and effort could not be stronger. So they have done quite a bit to assist us to remind people that this is an area that deserves a dollar or a personal commitment of some sort. Larry Barret: But now, in addition to Mr. Barnett, you will have undoubtedly a committee representing a cross section of the community. Who are the members? Mrs. James Murr...: Are you asking for the local committee, or ... Larry Barret: Yes, the ones in Iowa City who will be working on this program in the next three months. Mrs. James Murr...: Well, President Bowen invited many people to a committee meeting, most people with interest in this. Of those, he's asked several to serve on an executive board. These are made up of representatives of the town, of the faculty, and of the students of this in the town, Mrs. Ansell Chapman, and Mr. William J. Musser are going to head the town committee, which of course will be enlarged bringing in other workers when the town canvas comes. Robert Linen, a graduate student in political science, Kenneth Wessels, the head of the Hawkeye Student Party, and William Burnett from the Afro-American Student Association are the students on the committee. Of the faculty we have John Huntley in the English Department, and Milton Rosenbaum in Psychology, and Dr. George Bedell from Internal Medicine. And then there are a few of us who serve as consultants, President Bowen, Mr. Max Hawkins, who is the Alumni Chairman, Darryl Weirich, who is in charge of Scholarships and myself, and I guess my title is Executive Secretary of the Martin Luther King Scholarship Fund. Larry Barret: All right, well, let's get back down now to the immediate canvas, which is for students because of the pressure of time and the foreboding shadow of final exams, that I gathered from what you say that the students will be canvas by other students. Mrs. James Murr...: That's right. Larry Barret: Have some organizations come forward to help in this process? Mrs. James Murr...: Well, I hope. The stock Hawkeye Student Party has volunteered its services as a very interested and committed group. We are approaching the presidents of the residents floors, Interfraternity council, and Panhellenic in hopes that weekend sin pledges to each of these houses or floors, and have some person who really cares enough to do a good job, take them around, and ask every person to commit himself or give him the opportunity not to commit himself. Larry Barret: Yeah, well you have pledge cards. Mrs. James Murr...: That's correct. Larry Barret: What information will these call for? Mrs. James Murr...: Well, it will give this ... I'm not sure precisely what their forum will take, but it will give the student an opportunity to charge on the University account. However, I understand that on University billing, if a student does not pay, dire consequences follow, such as being thrown out of campus, physical incarceration, and I wouldn't be surprised if it included a firing squad, but this will be handled on a separate billing. Larry Barret: I see. So that if for some reason the rest of the is not paid, the one dollar will be anyway. Mrs. James Murr...: And also we hope for a cash contribution from those who would prefer to do that. Larry Barret: I was going to say, I think in this case, since the sum is relatively small, one dollar in cash, would be a handier way of bookkeeping. Still, you would accept pledges which amounted to more than a dollar a year. Mrs. James Murr...: That's correct. That's correct. Larry Barret: Which also could be billed. Mrs. James Murr...: That's correct. Larry Barret: Very good. Well then students who are listening today, we hope we'll be watching for the approach of a representative of the Martin Luther King Scholarship Fund. When may they expect this touch to be made? Mrs. James Murr...: The touch will be made on Monday the 20th. We're using old Capitol in the boardroom as kind of our thermometer. We hope to man seven stations on campus. People can pick up cards and turn back cards and money to old Capitol to the board room. We hope to have people coming there at six in the evening to be sent out to canvas the apartment complex the Hawkeye Barracks. They can be given information and equipment. They can come back and give us their money. We'll be there until late in the evening. Larry Barret: Well, with all the political action that young people have been engaging in these days, I think we'd have some very experienced canvases on the campus. How many they volunteer? Mrs. James Murr...: Well, as I said, they might find some sign-up sheets around. I've hoped to have some placed in dormitories, sorority and fraternity houses on University bulletin boards. If they don't find anything to sign up on, they can come to old Capitol on Monday the 20th, and I'll be awfully glad to put them to work. Larry Barret: Fine. Thank you, Mrs. James Murray, Executive Secretary of the Martin Luther King Scholarship Fund drive here at the University of Iowa. Speaker 3: Your interviewer was Larry Barrett. Here are the Silver Light Gospel Singers of Iowa City, Fred Martin Director with Walk In Jerusalem. The soloist is Lawrence Baker. Silver Light Go...: ♪ (singing, Walk in Jerusalem Just like John) ♪♪ Speaker 3: That was walking in Jerusalem as sung by the Silver Light Gospel Singers of Iowa City, Fred Martin director. This is WSUI in Iowa City broadcasting from the campus of the University of Iowa. You're listening to a program devoted to the work and the ideals of the late Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Here is Larry Barrett. Larry Barret: Dean Phillip Hubbard has followed with a great deal of interest, various programs from time to time efforts made in behalf of Negro Americans. I'm sure Phillip, you recall the efforts made on behalf of Rust College and before that the sponsors for equal education here in Johnson County, Iowa City, all of them designed to help in some way. Though nothing like the massive effort, which is now seems to me on a nationwide basis following the assassination of Martin Luther King. I suppose it must strike you, as it has many of us, as tragic a two-fold tragedy, really not only the loss of King, but that it requires something on this order of magnitude to stimulate an ongoing program. But I would wonder if you could agree that if that is what happens and we do have a really virile and ongoing program, that perhaps Martin Luther King would really would think the sacrifice was worth it. Phillip Hubbard: Well, I think that's very appropriate. I'd like to certainly emphasize what you have said, that this program that we're now engaging in is a natural outgrowth of something we've been doing for a number of years. It wasn't triggered by Martin Luther King's assassination, nor by the report of the Riot Commission, the so-called Kerner report, because these things came close after one another, tended to reinforce one another in the nature of the problem, and it has galvanized a great deal of activity on a national scale. We now find that many campuses have disturbances, which are based upon the racial problem and not just the war itself. And ironically, they come at a time when the problem of the war seems to be heading towards some sort of a resolution, but the activity, which is now being begun has some characteristics, which I think Martin Luther King would approve of. Phillip Hubbard: For one thing, our program will be aimed at alleviating the problems of minorities, especially as these result in poverty, so that we will go out and make a make a special effort to recruit students from poverty backgrounds and look especially for those whose situation of poverty has caused such a severe depression that they have not lived up to their capabilities. This will be a difficult problem, but many people within the University are dedicated to solving it. There is considerable evidence that other schools will do this. And many of course, haven't been doing it for some time. The Southern Education Program just issued a book on the programs which have been done at some of the most outstanding schools in the country, including Berkeley and Harvard and the University of Wisconsin, Michigan, Michigan State, so that private and public schools alike have been in this for some time. And it's interesting that those which have been in a longest are having the least dislocation now as a result of student disorders. Phillip Hubbard: But I'd like to emphasize again, that this University is engaging in the opportunity to, in the program to extend the opportunity, not because of threats from any quarter, but rather because we believe in it and have been engaged in it for a long time and feel that we can do much more than we have. Larry Barret: Well, Iowa's been involved for many years in programs, perhaps on a minor scale, but then I recall that even before that Negro students gravitated to the University of Iowa, because somehow they knew that a fair treatment, or at least fairer treatment, existed here than almost any other major institution. Well, one of the criticisms that will be leveled at any academic program in time, I'm sure, is that inevitably it seems to bog down that is that the interior apparatus of such a program somehow slows down, it happens in government programs it seems to happen everywhere, whether it's an initial enthusiasm followed by a period of mechanization and then lethargy. Do you see any way that our program, for example, and the others around the country may, may revitalize themselves from time to time? Phillip Hubbard: Well, my experience has a Dean has been quite educational, and it has provided new insight into this very problem that you discussed. Some of the most important social reforms begin with action by volunteers, people who do it as an overload as we call it in the University, and they can be very effective because of their dedication and because quite frequently, they're immune from the pressures which might prevent others from undertaking such activity. But to expect people to carry on an extended program of years as an overload, as something which cuts into their spare time, is not very realistic. If you expect something to have a long range benefits, then I'm afraid it is necessary to make an investment in it. This is the trouble with the war on poverty. It was started under the very most well-intentioned circumstances, but it was inadequately financed. Phillip Hubbard: And I don't know the reasons for these, but I'm rather suspicious of those reasons, but whether the intent was there or not, it is not being as effective as it could be. So that the program we're engaging in must also have a good sound base of finance. So that well qualified people who were selected because of their qualifications can be given this as a full-time activity and an adequate staff so that they can carry on the auxiliary functions to make it a really substantial activity of which the University can be proud of as an educational institution. We're not going into this as a matter of social action, but rather as a matter of education. Larry Barret: But I have noted with some interest that on other campuses, whether are Afro-American organizations such as we have here, that they have been utilized. In fact, they've been highly complimented at some of the Eastern schools for their activities, going into ghetto situations, finding young students, probably of high school age, who showed some promise, talking to them about the scholarship arrangements available at their schools. I recall this happening at Brown and Harvard, I believe in some of the other Ivy league schools. Will the University of Iowa will be able to utilize that kind of assistance do you think? Phillip Hubbard: We could if we made it part of a well-planned program so that the activity in which the students were engaging was reviewed, at least, by someone who has special knowledge in the field, their activities are reported in such a way as to make their experience available to others, and at the same time are not detrimental to the people we're trying to help. Sometimes if you arouse hopes and then withdraw, it would be better if you hadn't gone at all. Larry Barret: Well, I raised a question in the broader context of questions, which I have asked myself and others have reflected upon, relating to the number of qualified Negro students who may exist in the country. It troubles me to think that that may be a very small number and that unless institutions are willing to adjust their standards downward, that there simply will be a minimum number of Negro or Black students over whom a veritable fight will ensue because each school wants to have its quota, if you'll forgive the use of that term, and therefore that it will be necessary to discover pockets of educable Negros in other areas that are not known now. And I would suppose this means deep within the ghetto. You remember with the sponsors for education, how much difficulty we had finding a young man or two who could be brought here from Virginia, who would qualify for our own school system after years of neglect? Phillip Hubbard: Yes. Well, this brings up something which bothers a lot of people. They fear that we may be talking about a second-class education, and this the University is not interested in. Larry Barret: Well I thought not. Phillip Hubbard: We expect these people to have a first-class education then to qualify for the degree on the same basis as other people. However, there is considerable evidence that we don't know all that we should about what it takes to master the curriculum, that many people who are now screened out could make it given the proper educational environment within the institution so that we will modify the selection procedures and then provide whatever corrective measures are needed to be sure that these people are given every opportunity. Not all of them will make it, but then not all of the students who enter now make it. The number who graduate is some approximately half of those who enter. So that I wouldn't say that our admission procedures now are a hundred percent accurate. Phillip Hubbard: But the problem has another phase too. We find a rather small correlation between the performance of individuals within the institution, and this is on a nationwide basis, not just this University and what they do subsequently. There's a report from the Ford Commission on credentialism could suggest that we have become so oriented towards using various torts of certification, that we screen out people who are perfectly well qualified to do a certain activity by using methods of selection which have very little to do with what they're going to do in that activity. Larry Barret: Yes. I saw a recent report from the ACT by a Mr. Monday, which documents that thesis very thoroughly, I think. Well, we were to have talked about the legacy of Martin Luther King, and actually we've been talking in a rather businesslike way about something that's going to happen on our campus that derives from, or at least as related to, the life of Martin Luther King. Larry Barret: When you go around the country, as I'm sure you do, or when you talk to people who have been all around the country since the assassination of Martin Luther King, do you get an impression that there is an amelioration of the wall of indifference and indeed the wall of antipathy, which up against which Martin Luther King had ground his head literally, and Cicero, Illinois, and Memphis and other places? Or do you think perhaps out of this has come a veritable standoff that the real hardcore racists in this country are not going to give way even before such an avalanche of sympathy, which has been raised following the assassination? What do you glean? What do you understand from what you see and hear? Phillip Hubbard: Well, I hope people won't attach too much significance to what I say, because I don't follow these things as closely as I would like, but it's my impression that there has not been an amelioration of the condition that what has happened is rather that people have tended to harden their viewpoints. And to a certain extent, this may be a reaction to the Kerner report too, because it said the problem is not with the Blacks, it's with the whites. And this is a hard thing to take. When this sort of judgment has passed, the one who feels accused sits back and takes stock for a while. And in the interim, he puts up a defense. I hope that that's what we find and that behind this defense they are now discussing the problem among themselves and realize that the current situation cannot be alleviated by continually going into the Black community and doing something, that there's something which needs to be done within the white community too. Larry Barret: Yes, indeed. Well, this test in a way, a fundraising campaign among our students, ought to give us some indication of the attitude of the students. Wouldn't you say? I mean, even though only a dollar is being asked to each student, if there is some hardcore racism within our own student body, we might see it reflected in the success of the campaign. Phillip Hubbard: That's possible, but I don't believe we have what one would call hardcore racism to a large extent in our student body. Some evidence that has come to my attention lately would indicate that students still feel somewhat oppressed by their parents and the community pressures, so that they are uncertain and in their uncertainty will choose the neutral courts. I don't see how that would be reflected in the campaign, but it might be, because after all the average would be a dollar. And I think the average student could give five dollars to a cause the way in which they buy tickets for Bill Cosby shows that they can. Larry Barret: Yes. Phillip Hubbard: And it's also interesting that it's perfectly all right to have an all Negro band common plate for your Greek ball, and you can pay tens of thousands of dollars for a Bill Cosby, but if you contribute a dollar to the Martin Luther King scholarship, there may be something wrong with it. I don't quite understand this psychology, but I realized its presence. Larry Barret: Well, let's hope they all contribute a dollar for themselves and four or five dollars for mom and dad that might settle the guilt feeling right there. Dean Hubbard, we appreciate these remarks in conjunction with this fundraising campaign. Thank you very much. Dean Phillip Hubbard. Speaker 3: The interviewer was Larry Barrett. This is WSUI in Iowa City. John Huntley: Good afternoon. My name is John Huntley. I teach at the University in the Department of English, and I have here with me in the studio this afternoon are three members of the Afro-American Student Association, also participating members in this semester's very exciting course, Afro-American literature and thought, which has been sponsored by the action studies program. We'd like to discuss for the next few minutes questions of action and involvement following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. John Huntley: The first member of the group here is David Grant, graduate student from St. Louis. Fred Woodard is also with us in the studio from Kansas city, Missouri, and Dwight Cody for Mason City, Iowa. Dwight Cody's just been elected Vice President of the Afro-American Student Association. John Huntley: Gentlemen, it's been said, and was said in the eulogies that followed the assassination, that Martin Luther King Jr. stood for an ideal. It was claimed that this ideal represented a good life, not only for the Black men of this country, but for all poor people. And beyond that for all men. Is this true? In what sense might it be true, David, would you react to that? David Grant: Yes. Dr. Martin Luther King's philosophy embraced people as people and not really as Black people or white people. Although being a Black man himself, he was most concerned with the Black community in this country, and he has taken over the philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi and has tried to incorporate this philosophy of nonviolence into a direct action program to raise the living standards of poor people in this country, 90% of whom are Black. But he doesn't exclude the white people. In fact, the poor people's campaign as it is now set up is very definitely oriented toward a more equalitarian sort of representation of the poor. John Huntley: When we speak of living standards, do we have in mind a physical standard of living, or do we have in mind a broader spectrum of goods for human life? Fred? Fred Woodard: I think we have to consider the physical standards as such, but I think what Martin Luther King was looking for, or striving toward, was a new quality of people, period. People who embrace the Moro ideal of Christianity and brotherly love. So if, of course, we were to improve the physical, the spiritual wellbeing of the people, then I think this would in turn induce them to create a better physical environment. David Grant: Okay. This is why Martin Luther King is so refreshing in lots of ways because he, is so concerned with just the spiritual aspects of a love and a community. John Huntley: Yes, community is a term that's very often introduced in trying to give a shape and definition to the dream that the King spoke of in the speech at Washington. Dwight, do you react to the sense of community, or new community, in which all men can participate? Dwight Cody: It's very evident that we need some kind of new community where people can react together. I think something may come out of this poor people's campaign, now with something of a community action that will show that when the oppressed people, or the poor, people can get together and they can live, and together they may be able to raise their standards and also with if they can show that then the middle-class and the upper-class people probably can integrate into a program like this and make better community for the whole of America. John Huntley: Are there any aspects of this dream, or this legacy, of Martin Luther King's, his idea of a new community? Are there any aspects of this idea that can or ought to be realized, say for example, here in Iowa City, in the in the town of Iowa City in the campus community? David Grant: Yeah. I think this is one of the very important things to realize when we're talking about civil rights in general. Very often, people are very much concerned with what's going on in Chicago, New York, Detroit, wherever. And they don't realize that the very community they're living in is one which perpetuates the racism, which the riot commission report among others points out as being the pervasive influence of this country. It's very important that this community have more Black students on this campus, have a more representative population, not so much even for the Black people, but for the white people here. They just don't know any Black people. And this is sort of ignorance leads to all sorts of bad things. John Huntley: I think there's a very, very interesting, and I think a very, very important point, because the point is as I take it, David, mutual advantage in a sharing of community values. And I think you're suggesting that without the sharing both sides are going to be the losers. You said it was very evident. May I put a, kind of a hard question? What things here in Iowa City? I think we consider ourselves a fairly viewable town. What things here make it evident that greater benefits had to be realized? Dwight or Fred, do you have any thoughts along those lines? Fred Woodard: I think here about the need for some level of communication. And perhaps I could best fight from personal experience people I drive down to Moline, Illinois on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays to teach at Black Hawk College. Going down yesterday, I happened to pick up a couple of hitchhikers as my customer on Fridays who were going into Bettendorf and they were University students. One student, who was in social work, rather surprised to me that he didn't know about the plight of Black people in the ghetto. I mean, there was a sort of a superficial kind of hard sort of intellectual statistical approach to the situation. And it seemed to me to be such a cold approach. I mean, there was nothing quite human about that approach, just a lot of figures. He admitted that he had not been very close to any Negroes before. He had gone to a Catholic high school. And in Davenport where the only Black students there were athletes and who were praised for being athletes. And he never knew them as students, never knew whether or not they had serious ideas. He just thought they were football players and they sort of stereotype football players, any football player Black or white. He thought that they were thoroughly uninteresting. Fred Woodard: Then he talked about his experience at, at the University of Iowa. My God, it seemed that I was the first Black person he'd ever talked to, seriously. And I really felt sorry for him. I mean, it was a kind of pity that he would have to go through the University working supposedly in social work. Fred Woodard: So he walks out into the ghetto or wherever equipped with all of these cold, hard facts and figures and that and the other, not realizing that he's dealing with human beings and you just can't like throw them off into a group of numbers and say that you've got them, you've captured the spirit. Fred Woodard: So I think that this is just one example and rather recent, but still I think it points up the need for that physical confrontation. And I mean this in a sense that let there be the Black students on campus here, the more the merrier. One can begin to ... I mean, the white students can begin to see them as actual live beings with all of their faults, with all of their goodnesses and so forth. But they will begin to see the human flesh, the activity of the human mind. Fred Woodard: My emphasis is on the human aspect of it, perhaps sometime they'll, the white students particularly, will get to a point where they begin to see not just a Black man, or a Negro, or nigra, or whatever else you want to call it, but another human being who is functioning who is thinking who is human period. John Huntley: That's a very interesting story. And it's an actual confrontation of which there are daily repetitions. It brings to mind another minor anecdote that I can offer about treating the thing in reverse. I was speculating the other day with a friend of mine, we were having lunch, about the busted out elbows of my teaching jacket, wondering whether or not the University would ever be wise enough to equip the English faculty with white jackets like the residents and interns and staff members of the hospital. And then my witty friend said, yes, and we should color code them for status. And I reacted saying, "My God, that would be like being Black," because I think you can realize in the hypothetical situation, what would happen if there were visible signs of status amongst the full associate assistant professors and instructors and the graduate students, second, third, and fourth year, and the master's degree candidates, and the undergraduates down to the pale orange costume of the freshmen. John Huntley: We have a University community in which everyone freely talks to everyone without regard to artificial barriers. But the curious thing that struck my mind when I, went through that little exchange with my friend was how strange the human animal is that if it has a chance to see a difference, it makes such enormous use of it to such great detriment to its own spirit. Well, anyway, that's, that's another kind of a thing that came to my mind. I think it's sort of parallel to your story. John Huntley: One of the things that we are currently involved in now in response to the dream, the challenge, the legacy of Martin Luther King Jr.'s life, is a fundraising drive and a number of associated programs, which are being established here at the University. I'd like to talk about that for a moment. Could you say something Dwight about the Martin Luther King fund drive and the kinds of students it will attract and why it is to the advantage of this University to seek out these students bring them here to this campus? Dwight Cody: On the day after Martin Luther King died, President Bowen presented to before the student body his idea of forming a Martin Luther King Scholarship Fund, which would amount to $50,000. It was expressly for Black people in the ghetto that are not economically able to come to school, come to the University, but have the potential to be good students. This $50,000 will be collected from various means. And one of our major sources will be the students. It's believed that every student is capable of contributing one dollar a piece to the fund drive, which would amount to 17,000-odd dollars. John Huntley: I think there've been a number of very interesting reactions, which I'd like to introduce into our discussion here, to the announcement all of this drive and of its purposes. One, I think at the outset, everyone was extraordinarily enthusiastic about the idea. Then it seemed to me as the week went past that there were some voices expressing the supposition that perhaps this was discriminatory in itself to separate a category of deprived or underprivileged persons, Puerto Rican, Negro, Indian. Do you think this is subject to the charge of discrimination and reverse, David? David Grant: Yes. It's subject to the charge of discrimination reverse. And I don't think that that's such a bad thing. Scholarships have been set up for a long time on discriminatory, so-called discriminatory policies. One must have such and such a IQ or such and such a great point to get into certain scholarship funds. The fact that there have been many Negro fund scholarships for many, many years before this is something which we ought to look at. If you want to call it discriminatory, you can call it that if you wish, but the charge even beneath the discriminatory one is the charge of reverse racism that you are actually perpetuating a racist sort of attitude when you segregate a part of the community. David Grant: But the white man has a backlog of dues to be paid to the Black people in this country. And I think that it is also important to mention that this Martin Luther King Scholarship Fund is for minority groups and that doesn't just exclude people other than Black people. It includes white people, Indians, Puerto Ricans, whatever. And I think it's very important. I actually think that education up through the college degree ought to be free to everyone, but it isn't. And we have to make an effort to incorporate the whole of society and give them the opportunities that we've had. John Huntley: I think another reaction that took about a week to develop what was the response of surprise. At first, it seemed the right thing to do when the hearts were filled with sadness for King's death. But then it seems to me, about a week went by and people began to be surprised, or expressed their surprise, in this direction. Why should we have a private initiative raise private funds here? Are the not government programs? Are there not scholarship funds? Is this not an aspect of social regeneration and self-help, which has already been cared for? Why ourselves? Why on a voluntary basis? Dwight Cody: Well, government programs are fine, but government programs usually cannot reach down far enough into the ghetto to get the Black students or the minority students that would like the opportunity to come to the University. So through private funds, private scholarship funds, the University can stress going into the ghettos near its own area and finding the students without allotting funds to go to each state. It's just the University, the people of the University that are going down into their towns and finding their people. And it makes it more of a homogeneous thing. John Huntley: I think another reaction that was vocalized after about a week was the puzzlement, why the University? Why not some small community college? What great advantages to be brought to the child of a ghetto by bringing him into the midst of an 18,000 member campus, white middle-class for the most part? What can he gain here, which he wouldn't gain a far more quickly and with less emotional trauma at a smaller local school? Will any of you react to that? Fred Woodard: I think the error of the larger University is more conducive. I think the type of orientation that we would hope possible for the student out of the Black ghetto. So it's a matter of opening up the avenues of experience. And I think these avenues avail themselves more readily on the University level. John Huntley: Do you think the University as a state institution and ostensibly charged with the care and nurture of the children and the citizens of the state, do you think that it has a special obligation to reflect in its own population, the population of the state, which supports it? David Grant: Well, I should hope so. If it's a state supported school, that means that everyone is paying their taxes for the school, and it ought to be a hundred percent reflection of the community. John Huntley: The scholarship fund drive is of course only one aspect of a total program whose various organic parts are conceived to be working together in a number of directions. I may point out here about the problem involves first are recruitment. And this means going to the schools, which have not been frequently or often visited before, when the University has sought out promising freshmen candidates for its curriculum. It was involved also not merely giving these people money with which to come, but a fairly complex institutionalized kind of support program when here so that no student feels, is made to feel, that if he succeeds or fails, that is his final chance, either he makes it in a University way, or he goes back to the ghetto. There are of course, multifold, alternate possibilities. It may be that in the counseling and the very close relationships that it can form with counseling, with other students of his own similar backgrounds here, he can see a wider spectrum of possibilities in his future, on his horizon. John Huntley: And this of course is a very complex program. It takes trained and technical persons. It takes a fairly heavy investment of institutional money to do this. Do you think that this kind of a program is in the interest of the University to carry forward? David Grant: Well, I'm not so sure exactly what you mean. I think that you're talking about the tutorial programs that are going to be presented for Black students. John Huntley: Yes. David Grant: Well, as the rive commission reports, we have two separate and unequal societies, not only materially, but culturally, and just in the manner of thinking. And it's very important that the Black student understand what the values and what the rules, how to play the game. They must understand this. And that will take more doing than the normal white middle-class person from the suburbs who actually already is in this game. David Grant: There's one thing that I like to point out that I said before that the Black students here ought to reflect the percentage of the state. Actually, I think that the Black students and poor students in general ought to be in a larger percentage here at the University then the rest of the populace, because the white middle-class, upper middle-class, student can afford to go to private colleges, and lots of them do. And I think that it is very much in the benefit of not only ourselves, but of those upper-middle-class people who can go to private schools, that everyone have the opportunity to be educated. And I think that the state supported schools ought to make that a very definite policy. And I would stress in fact that only more Black students ought to be here, percentage-wise and in state. John Huntley: And for these reasons and responds to this very deeply felt need, the University is in fact going forward with a series of programs of which the scholarship fund is only one. Thank you very much for Fred Woodard, David Grant, Dwight Cody for being with us this afternoon in the studio. Speaker 3: This program devoted to the work and the ideals of the late Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Is coming to you from WSUI in Iowa City. Our program continues with poems selected and read by David Grant and Fred Woodard. Here is David Grant. David Grant: Dream Variation by Langston Hughes. To fling my arms wide in some place of the sun, to whirl and to dance till the white day is done, then rested cool evening beneath the tall tree, while night comes on gently, dark like me. That is my dream to fling my arms wide in the face of the sun dance, whirl, whirl, till the quick day is done, rested pale evening, a tall slim tree, night coming tenderly Black, like me. David Grant: The Negro Speaks of Rivers by Langston Hughes. I've known rivers. I've known rivers ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood and human veins. My soul has grown deep like the rivers. I bathe in the Euphrates when dawns were young, I built my hut near the Congo and it logged me to sleep. I looked upon the Nile and raised the pyramids above it. I heard the singing of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln went down to New Orleans and I've seen it's muddy bosom turn all golden in the sunset. I've known rivers, ancient dusky rivers. My soul has grown deep, like the rivers. David Grant: Dream Deferred, again Langston Hughes. What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun or fester like a sore and then run? Does it stink like rotten meat or crust and sugar over like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags like a heavy load or does it explode? Speaker 3: Your reader was David Grant. Our poetry reading continues with poems selected and read by Fred Woodard. Fred Woodard: For the Poor. I was a horn player once, a saxophone tirade screaming my blues out, screaming my blues out to cushion caskets in a morning dew. Where do I go from here? This morning's toils, the oil of my broken dream, smoke stacks turn to crosses. Golgotha, Golgotha, Golgotha. God damned. Damned. Damn. Dusk where evening falls, seise forever needing this or that light. God, the angelic, the haloed Copernicus would have died laughing had he known that there were more stars beyond this morning's charged like a cataract. Fred Woodard: The Upside Down Man. Tell me what I want most as this evening falls down like catapulted seaweed. I walk on air and upside down is the morass of the world talking along an amused mule mirroring its own shadow its Nunes in the Southwest. Way down those stars feel the presence of my feet on the air are not amused. And this morass is talking alone and amused mule off to somebody else's carrots. Find me a place to live, please. I came walking this evening out of another forest of dark trees. Fred Woodard: High Mass in Jazz, Spiritus Mundi. A blue light, a single stream shifting. I called for mother and God turning white, a chalk white fringed in blood of my fathers, fathers, fathers, fathers. Once more then dreaming, blessed, blessed, blessed, Lord, God's gone and whosoever and let him go, walking on turnips, your turnips, turnips for a blue single stream changing as you change. Rocking the rock on which the rap is closed. Cows, lowing and cowish in any light. Turn your turn, your turning. Call crawl of crows on snow argues mother, his father, father too. The blue light swims, fishes, speak ohs of conversation and bread. Mows broken for turning, death walks back wards of Black wallow mollasic. Where mother is gone and legs now spread and blood glows in the afterbirth. Jesus, Jesus, Jesus. Fred Woodard: [Schizastatica]. The and me, how I keep rearranging myself. Soul of my soul back, like I met a tap dance. I don't know today it's been yellow, hair rise, shoes, a sweaterish rush through the tone of my reign. I see that my water moves in a tick, trickle down the inside of a sink, gathers no moss. And I am at least free as I scream in the stream of a second skin. I taste the other end of the blue bonnet butter. Good. The song inside I've never breathed translucent as bee's knees, stare crazy among these images. Flute loops, piano Pos, percussion pounding. I know the sky is not enough that the grass is green, yellow spinning a lot of whatchamacallit's down. A shaft of green, yellow comings and goings, on on down. Ding dong, rounding out the evening like centipedes in a nun's dream of tall grass yellower than excuses eyes make. And then the yellow in the corn in the picture of the corn on the can. I wonder if there's really yellow in that picture of the corn, on the can of corn. I know my timid breathing. Where do I begin and end? I don't know. Today it's been yellow, hair, eyes, shoes. Fred Woodard: The last four poems were those of Fred Woodard. Speaker 3: Your reader was Fred Woodard. This is WSUI in Iowa City. You're listening to a program devoted to the work and ideals of the late Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Next Monday, May 20th, students at the University of Iowa will be asked to contribute to the University's, Martin Luther King Scholarship Fund drives among Iowa City residents, the University faculty and staff and citizens in other Iowa communities will follow the student campaign. Yet to be heard on our program today are John Schmidhauser, a member of the 89th Congress and professor of political science at the University of Iowa, Lauren Hickerson, director of the community relations at the University and mayor of Iowa City, and Kenneth Wessels President of the Hawkeye Student Party at the University here is John Schmidhauser. John Schmidhaus...: Education properly conceived is the bridge between despair and hope for the future. This is why the broad purposes of the Martin Luther King Scholarship Fund drive deserves the full support of citizens in our region. What essentially is the nature of our problem? I view from my own experience as a member of the 89th Congress, several basic problems that came to my attention at that time. We may say that we can take this as the lesson of the poor people's march on Washington that is currently in progress today. And I remember very well its antecedents in the visit to Washington DC in 1965 of persons representing the Mississippi Freedom Party who came to Washington to present their case for the full attention of the Congress, to the problems of deprived minority groups in such basic areas, as political participation. That is the privilege of registering and voting, which of course is guaranteed by our constitution, but which had not been applied with any significant fullness in the state of Mississippi at that time. John Schmidhaus...: One of the things that struck us immediately was the problem that these good people confronted in communication. We had to recognize the fact that some from the rural areas of Mississippi spoke dialects that were virtually incomprehensible to all of us who welcomed them to our offices and attempted to communicate fully with them. Another thing that was very clear is that many lacked a sense of belonging, a sense of belonging either to their society and the state of Mississippi, and indeed a lack of a sense of belonging to the nation as a whole. John Schmidhaus...: And this of course represented a challenge that we felt we should try to meet both by the effort at eliminating discrimination by first voting to unseat the entire Mississippi congressional delegation, which represented a kind of perpetuation of the old order. And eventually by passage of a Voting Rights Act, which did at least represent a beginning for progress in this vital area. John Schmidhaus...: But the problem of communication was not merely a problem that confronted these poor Black people from rural Mississippi. It was a problem of communication that the congressional establishment had to confront itself, and which at that time it did not confront fully and decisively. Each congressional establishment, which represents a kind of perpetuation of certain power relations in the Congress, has its counterpart in many States and localities throughout this country. And there are many dimensions to this particular problem. This is why indeed I would emphasize the necessity for persons who are not Black to confront their responsibility of attempting to attain a higher degree of understanding of the problems of Black people, not only in the South, but in all other areas of the nation. John Schmidhaus...: And we can begin of course, with those who hold elective office and ask herself the question, how many members of Congress live in the District of Columbia, which happens to be the largest urban center with a majority of Black persons in our entire nation. We know that the number is indeed small. We know from personal experience that few indeed in the Congress are actually willing to live there, to send their children to public schools in that area. John Schmidhaus...: This is why I would stress that the educational opportunity that can be afforded through support of the Martin Luther King Scholarship Fund should not be viewed as education merely for deprived Black persons who obviously vitally and most sensitively need this sort of assistance. But it should be stressed that there is also an educational advantage and opportunity for those who do not understand the problems of Black people by the introduction of significantly larger numbers of them into our educational experience here at this University, and hopefully at many other institutions of higher education throughout the nation. John Schmidhaus...: There are a couple of things that need to be stressed in conclusion, that brave and strong words have been stated about this problem many times in our history, and most importantly, many times in our recent history. Many eloquent things have been said after the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King. It is good indeed that these fine words were stated. But what is most important is that the principle of consistency be applied in the efforts in the followup that must be made after the brave words have been omitted. John Schmidhaus...: Another thing that needs to be noted is this, that those who work for progress should recognize that after several hundred years of delay, it is completely inappropriate for anyone to expect thanks for doing what the United States Constitution has asked us to do for so many, many decades, and for nearly 200 years. Speaker 3: That was John Schmidhauser, a member of the 89th Congress and professor of political science at the University of Iowa. This program devoted to the work and the ideals of the late Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Is coming to you from WSUI in Iowa City. We have next a statement from the director of community relations at the University, a man who also serves as the mayor of Iowa City, Lauren Hickerson. Lauren Hickerso...: The conscience of a University, or a city, or a country may be an element most difficult to measure. And yet there is a kind of community conscience. It is manifest through the combined efforts of people of conscience in whatever communities they may live. Inherent in the Martin Luther King fund is a great potential, not just for positive action to achieve the worthwhile goal of scholarships and other aides for group students at the University of Iowa, but for the advancement here have a vital sense of community purpose. Lauren Hickerso...: When we act together in whatever ways to build new bridges of confidence and respect and brotherhood among all races, we strengthen all of humanity, not just a single city, not just one institution. In and of itself, the Martin Luther King fund is worthy of support throughout the University and the city of Iowa City. But the fund can become remarkable, not just for what it does, but for what it is and for what it can continue to be as a reflection of rising conscience in this city University community. Speaker 3: That was Lauren Hickerson, director of community relations at the University and the mayor of Iowa City. The Martin Luther King Scholarship Fund drive and its potential as described in Mayor Hickerson's words have also found expression in the words of such students as Ken Wessels, President of the Hawkeye Student Party, who was interviewed earlier in the week by Don Richardson, a member of the WSU program staff. Here is that interview. Don Richardson: Ken, you're a member of the Board of Directors of the fund, and also responsible in part for organizing the student fund drive, I believe. Ken Wessels: Yes, there are three students, Bill Burnett, myself, and Bill Newborough, I believe are on the Board of Directors, plus three townspeople and three University officials. Our job is mainly to coordinate the whole function, that is the campaign drive in this campus is only one facet of this whole organization. We're trying to raise money from the towns in Iowa. We're trying to raise money from corporations, et cetera, et cetera, to and from service clubs to provide more scholarships. Don Richardson: How was it that this drive, if we might call it that, got started this Martin Luther King Scholarship Fund? Ken Wessels: Well, unfortunately enough, it took Martin Luther King's death to bring in about. I believe the University had been talking about it on the human rights committee for something like a year, and a no action was taken, but I suppose everyone was kind of jolted into a higher gear after Martin Luther King's death and the subsequent rioting. We had quite a few of us students along with Vice Presidents Boyd Hubbard, the Head of the Law School, the Head of the Political Science Department, the Head of the English Department all met the Saturday afternoon after his death, and the students presented a list of demands, which included a Martin Luther King Scholarship Fund, nine hours of Afro-American Cultural Studies and an Afro-American Institute. Don Richardson: We were talking before the interview and Ken, you mentioned something about other activities in conjunction with the Martin Luther King fund. Could you tell us a little bit about how these work together? Ken Wessels: Right. Well, this year we instituted in the action studies program a course called contemporary Afro-American Literature and Thought. Now, you know, the situation that Black people in this country have been put in is one of more than just a financial deprivation. It's been a cultural deprivation, it is a lack of knowledge about their background. Also, all of us have been deprived of this knowledge. Now the action stays program three hour course in literature has been really an amazing course. It's drawn a lot of kids in. And it's really been an informative course. So next year, this will be incorporated along with six more hours of a Negro, if you want to call it Negro Studies, into the curriculum and the Afro-American Cultural Institute maybe set up to study more deeply the very rich cultures of the ancient African civilizations, which are being neglected by our civilization today. Don Richardson: This scholarship fund, as it has set up now, have there been any long range plans made? That is what is hoped to eventually be accomplished? Ken Wessels: I think eventually we're talking in terms of a half a million dollars over three or four years. Now, we've got to realize that one scholarship for one student per year is $2,000, which means if we bring 50 people here next year, and intend to keep them here for four years, that runs into something like almost a half a million dollars. So we need long range pledges and long range plans for this. Don Richardson: Pledge cards will be available Monday. And I understand we also need workers. Ken Wessels: Yes, we need workers very, very desperately. I think everyone who feels some sort of responsibility in helping to rebuild or reshape America and America's people should report to the boardroom of the old Capitol at 6:30, and we'll be there to hand out assignments. Don Richardson: At 6:30 in the evening? Ken Wessels: Right. Don Richardson: Mrs. Murray mentioned a personal commitment, a need for a personal commitment by the students. I'm sure you agree with this. Is there anything you'd care to add to this point? Ken Wessels: Well, but the only thing I'd like to say is that we've got a long ways to go in this country, and I think one dollar is like the ultra minimum commitment anyone can make to this type of movement or effort. Don Richardson: One final question, Ken. The point has been made that the scholarship fund will be only for Negroes. I understand it's for minority groups, per se. Ken Wessels: That's right. We really can't say it would just be for Negroes could because we realized the American Indians for the most part are even worse off than the American Black man is. And also there are a number of poor whites who can't be excluded. We'll be giving these scholarships to all underprivileged minority groups, but because so many underprivileged happened to be Negros though, the larger percentage will be Negroes. Don Richardson: We've been talking to Ken Wessels. Ken, thanks for coming in. Speaker 3: WSUI's Don Richardson with Ken Wessels, President of the Hawkeye Student Party at the University of Iowa. Here once again are the Silver Light Gospel Singers of Iowa City Directed by Fred Martin. Silver Light Go...: ♪ (singing, Walk in Jerusalem Just like John) ♪♪ Speaker 3: Don't You Let Nobody Turn You Around, sung by the Silver Light Gospel Singers of Iowa City, Directed by Fred Martin. This program has sought to reveal the legacy of Martin Luther King at the University of Iowa. His work, his ideals, and his spirit lived beyond his death and the men and women you have heard in our broadcast this afternoon, seek to perpetuate his goals in the form of a Martin Luther King Scholarship Fund to benefit future students, as well as the future of the University of Iowa itself. Speaker 3: For their participation we thank Howard R. Bowen, President of the University of Iowa, Mrs. James Murray of Iowa City, Executive Secretary of the Martin Luther King Scholarship Fund, Phillip Hubbard, Dean of Academic Affairs, John Huntley, Professor of English and a member of the Executive Board of the Scholarship Fund, David Grant, Fred Woodard, Dwight Cody, all of whom are members of the Afro-American Student Association, Kenneth Wessels, President of the Hawkeye Student Party, John Schmidhauser, a member of the 89th Congress and Professor of Political Science at the University, Lauren Hickerson, Director of Community Relations at the University and Mayor of Iowa City, and the members of the Silver Light Gospel Singers in Iowa City, Lawrence Baker, Edward Brown, Henry Dawson, Wesley Foster, and their director, Fred Martin. Speaker 3: WSUI has presented this program in anticipation of a fund drive to be held at the University of Iowa this Monday, May 20th. Each student will be asked to contribute to the Martin Luther King Scholarship Fund. Contributions will also be solicited from University faculty and staff, residents of Iowa City, and concerned citizens of other Iowa communities. Unsolicited contributions will be gratefully accepted and may be sent directly to the President's office here at the University of Iowa. This is the broadcasting station of University of Iowa, WSUI in Iowa City.