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11 Early Research

Vat with pulp delivery system, Oakdale Paper Facility, Iowa City, Iowa, 1990s

Japanese-style naginata beater with the cover on, Oakdale Paper Facility, Iowa City, Iowa, late 1990s

Japanese-style naginata beater with blades exposed, Oakdale Paper Facility, Iowa City, Iowa, late 1990s

Historical European papers of research interest, Iowa City, Iowa, unknown date

Historical European papers of research interest, Iowa City, Iowa, unknown date

Historical European papers of research interest, Iowa City, Iowa, unknown date

Lynn Amlie and Tim Barrett loading Charters paper into 80-ton air bladder press, Oakdale Paper Facility, Iowa City, Iowa, 1999

200-ton press with new extended platens, Oakdale Paper Facility, Iowa City, Iowa, 1987

A drum type washer for research, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1985

Old Art Building, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, circa 1986

Tim Barrett examining a drum type washer, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1985

A drum type washer for research, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1985

Apparatus for sealing paper specimens in glass tubes for aging, WMU School of Paper Science and Engineering, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1983-1984

Apparatus for sealing paper specimens in glass tubes for aging, WMU School of Paper Science and Engineering, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1983-1984

The apparatus for sealing paper specimens in glass tubes assembled, WMU School of Paper Science and Engineering, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1983-1984

Graph showing the air resistance of poor historical papers, Iowa City, Iowa, unknown date

Graph showing the air resistance of good historical papers, Iowa City, Iowa, unknown date

Data table from experiments with historical papers, Iowa City, Iowa, unknown date

Table 1 data from experiments with historical papers, Iowa City, Iowa, unknown date

Table showing zero span strength measurements on paper, Iowa City, Iowa, unknown date

Flax paper specimens made for accelerated aging experiment, WMU School of Paper Science and Engineering, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1983-1984

Deepak Bhargava and Tim Barrett with the apparatus for sealing paper specimens in glass, WMU School of Paper Science and Engineering, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1983-1984

Sealed tubes with paper specimens, WMU School of Paper Science and Engineering, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1983-1984

Deepak Bhargava and Tim Barrett with a rack of sealed specimen tubes, WMU School of Paper Science and Engineering, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1983-1984

Gelatin sized and unsized paper controls ready for oven aging, Oakdale Paper Facility, Iowa City, Iowa, early 1990s

Peter Champe examining the cabinet and the land rover for exposing paper specimens to auto exhaust, Oakdale Paper Facility, Iowa City, Iowa, early 1990s

Peter Champe working on the cabinet for exposing paper specimens to auto exhaust, Oakdale Paper Facility, Iowa City, Iowa, early 1990s

Air resistance tester, Oakdale Paper Facility, Iowa City, Iowa, 1990s

Graph showing the air resistance on papers with different sizing solution concentrations, Iowa City, Iowa, unknown date

Racks of sealed glass tubes of specimens ready for aging, WMU School of Paper Science and Engineering, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1983-1984

Discoloration of paper specimens following aging process, WMU School of Paper Science and Engineering, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1983-1984

Historical European papers available for small sample testing, Iowa City, Iowa, unknown date

Historical European papers available for small sample testing, Iowa City, Iowa, unknown date

Historical European papers of research interest, Iowa City, Iowa, unknown date

Historical European papers of research interest, Iowa City, Iowa, unknown date

The cabinet and the land rover for exposing paper specimens to auto exhaust, Oakdale Paper Facility, Iowa City, Iowa, late 1990s

Peter Champe loading samples into the cabinet for exposing paper specimens to auto exhaust, Oakdale Paper Facility, Iowa City, Iowa, early 1990s

Controls and papers exposed to auto exhaust, Oakdale Paper Facility, Iowa City, Iowa, early 1990s

Graph showing results of filter paper exposed to heat and auto exhaust aging, Iowa City, Iowa, early 1990s

Graph showing the pH of book papers over time, W. J. Barrow Research Laboratory, Virginia, 1974

Graph showing the percentage of book papers containing alum and calcium carbonate over time, W. J. Barrow Research Laboratory, Virginia, 1974

Graph showing percentage of gelatin versus L* (dark/light) value, Iowa City, Iowa, 1990s

Graph showing surface pH vs PIXE calcium, Iowa City, Iowa, 1990s

Test results for the 2000 UICB Charters of Freedom papers, Oakdale Paper Facility, Iowa City, Iowa, 1999

Graph showing pH versus L* value, Iowa City, Iowa, 1990s

Graph showing Calcium versus L* value, Iowa City, Iowa, 1990s

Graph showing Gelatin versus L* value, Iowa City, Iowa, 1990s